timidity? How can we tell? But he finally acknowledged that while boating in the lake, he had allowed Eulenburg certain liberties.

There, too, Phli made an error. He wrote Ernst a letter asking him to say nothing. The effect was deplorable: the prince had to swear that the letter asked only that the fisherman restrict himself to speaking the truth, but the judges considered that there was an attempt at intimidation against a witness.

And Harden won his case against the "Neue Freie Volkszeitung. Anybody remember that?

Eulenburg, convicted of having violated Article 175, could not be sentenced for acts committed 25 years before, on account of the statute of limitations, but he was liable for perjury and false testimony given during the second Moltke-Harden trial. Events proceeded rapidly. Accused almost as soon as the Munich trial was over, he fell ill and was kept under guard and in' isolation. Even his wife who, faithful and courageous, had not failed him' one instant, was not allowed to see him. And the letter that, full of indignation, she wrote the emperor, is a masterpiece: "You who called yourself our friend, you who have sat at our table. . . will you keep me. his wife, from being next to him? Is such a conduct, Sire, worthy of a sovereign?"

Eulenburg's health deteriorated. His nerves and his heart were weakening. He was 61, and an old man. For the trial, which began on June 29, 1908, he was carried in, but on July 14 the trial was transferred to the hospital and later adjourned. Freed, under parole, he went to Liebenberg during the recess, which came to an end on June 14, 1909, to be adjourned again, as the accused had fainted immediately upon opening the trial. He returned to Lieben24

berg, never to leave again. In the meantime, Harden had succeeded in breaking the judgment that had condemned him for libel and had reconciled himself with Moltke through an open letter.

The Eulenburg trial was never finished. The unhappy Philip lived 12 years, forgotten, sick, dishonored, ruined. And it was only after the First World War, after the destruction of the German Empire and the end of the Hohenzollern dynasty, that he finally died in obscurity, on September 17, 1921, Philip Friedrich Karl Alexander Botho, Prince of Eulenburg and of Hertfeld, former Knight of the Black Eagle, former Ambassador, the victim-like Oscar Wilde and many more-of a hypocritical morality and of a society without soul as much as of the unyielding hatred of his implacable enemies.

SOMEONE YOU KNOW Among your acquaintances, there are probably one or more persons who would appreciate more information about true aspects of human sex behavior. Parents, educators, at-

Romeys, judges, police officers and many others often have incomplete knowledge and erroneous information on the subject. You can aid their understanding of the conditions and aspects of sex variation with a subscription for one or more such persons to this magazine. The cost is low-only $2.50 per year. The benefit can be of immeasurable value. (Note: All such orders must be signed by you.)

mattachine REVIEW

SESSO e LIBERTA

(Sex and Freedom) Monthly publication in Italian, apparently no longer published. Nonfiction articles exclusively, on all aspects of sexuality. Former address: Fratta-Viale Montesanto, 12, Milano, Italy.

HOMOSEXUALITY

in the near east

by A. Amin

In the days of the Profet Mohammed there was a class of "Ganymedes" in Arabia who used to dress and speak like women. The majority of them used to bear feminine names, such as Hamduna, Bint el Jinn, Naumat el Dhuha, etc., and used to speak of themselves as women. Abu'l Unbuss, in his treatise on sodomites, relates how many men preferred the company of boys, considering them mpre faithful than girls and at the same time free from the annoyances of menstruation and pregnancy.

Throughout the Middle Ages, many of the great in the Arab world were homosexuals: statesmen, great lawyers, poets, caliphs, writersamong them we even find many of the great ascetes and mystics. As a matter' of fact, it may be said that not a single book on love' written during this period failed to include sections on the love between men.

The segregation of women in the harems and their absence from social life was the primary cause for the increase of male homosexuality in the Near East. This situation has influenced conditions in those countries

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right to the present time, and one can see that the incidence of homosexuality decreases as the woman becomes emancipated.

It is interesting to note that men fall in love with mere children, and one thing that I noticed while travelling through southern Iraq and Iran was that these children often return this love. Some 20 years ago, during one of my travels in the region of the Persian Gulf, a child of 13 used to come to my clinic. I used to be pleasant to him from a strictly humanitarian point of view, of course. One day I noticed that he would stay in front of me with his eyes full of tears. I asked the reason for these tears to my servant, and I was flabbergasted to learn that the child was in love with me and insisted on leaving his tribe to follow me...

Throughout this region I noticed that most sheiks had their love:boys, whom they treated with great respect and with more affection thon their own children. These unhappy children were even kept segregated in harems. They were referred to as 25

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